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Space and Time

Space and Time SXT

About

What Is Space and Time (SXT)?

Space and Time is the Microsoft-backed blockchain for ZK-proven data. Powered by Proof of SQL, a sub-second ZK coprocessor, Space and Time allows smart contracts, AI agents, and onchain applications to query onchain and offchain data at scale and verify the results with cryptographic proofs. The foundation of Space and Time is a decentralized layer 1 blockchain where validators verify every piece of data that gets inserted into the network, updating and signing cryptographic commitments on the data before recording them onchain. Developers can query this data via Proof of SQL and receive back a trustless, tamperproof result onchain. Space and Time allows smart contracts to query over the full history of major blockchains and offchain sources in a verifiable way, enabling a new generation of sophisticated, data-driven onchain apps.
The SXT token is deployed as an ERC-20 token on Ethereum and functions as the network's native utility token. SXT is used for staking, data processing payments, access control, and incentives for data contributors.

Who Are the Founders of Space and Time?

Space and Time was founded by Nate Holiday and Scott Dykstra. Nate Holiday is the CEO of MakeInfinite Labs, the original contributors to Space and Time, and strategic advisor to Bain & Company and Chainlink Labs. He previously ran global go-to-market and operations for Teradata, a multi-billion dollar enterprise data company. Scott Dykstra leads engineering and technical development for the Space and Time Foundation. He was previously Vice President of Cloud Engineering at Teradata, where he led the transition of the company’s flagship data warehouse product to the cloud. Nate and Scott bring decades of combined experience in enterprise data and infrastructure to the crypto space, pioneering the industry’s first trustless database. In 2022, they secured a funding round with Microsoft’s M12 Ventures as the lead investor.

Where Can You Buy Space and Time (SXT)?

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What Makes Space and Time Unique?

Space and Time introduced the industry’s first sub-second ZK coprocessor. Proof of SQL allows smart contracts to run analytic queries over massive datasets sub-second and verify the results onchain within block time. Unlike general-purpose zkVMs, Proof of SQL is optimized for SQL performance, proving 600k+ rows in under a second and scaling to hundreds of millions of rows in under a minute. This enables smart contracts to access the full data history of Ethereum and other popular chains, run complex computations over the data, and verify the results onchain. Space and Time is the first trustless database, combining the verifiability required by smart contracts at the scale and performance required to power apps.
Space and Time’s economic model is designed to sustain a decentralized, permissionless ecosystem that rewards participants for contributing high-quality datasets, securing cryptographically-tamperproof tables, and delivering sub-second ZK proofs to clients on popular chains. The SXT token underpins network security by requiring validators to stake in order to participate in consensus, with slashing penalties for dishonest behavior. Every SQL query and ZK proof run in the network is anchored to a data commitment signed by a quorum of staked validators, tying the integrity of query results directly to economic risk.

How Is the Space and Time Network Secured?

Space and Time is secured through a decentralized validator set that indexes onchain and offchain data into tamperproof tables and reaches BFT consensus on cryptographic commitments representing the current state of that data. Validators stake SXT tokens to participate in consensus, and their stake can be slashed if they act maliciously or don’t perform their job. Each commitment must be signed by a quorum of staked validators using a threshold signature, which forms a cryptographic root of trust that represents the state of the data at a given moment. This root is referenced in every subsequent SQL query and ZK proof, meaning the validity of each result is directly tied to a specific, consensus-approved snapshot of the data. Because these commitments are secured by staked economic value, any attempt to manipulate the data or produce invalid results would result in slashing, creating a strong disincentive against dishonest behavior and ensuring the integrity of every query and proof. This design anchors trust in the network to the economic weight of validator consensus.

More Info

How Many SXT Tokens Are There in Circulation?

SXT has a fixed total supply of 5 billion tokens, all minted at genesis. At the time of launch, approximately 28% of the total supply will be in circulation. The initial circulating supply includes tokens allocated for validator rewards, ecosystem growth, and early usage incentives.

AI Analysis

Analyzed on March 2, 2026

What is the Space and Time (SXT) cryptocurrency good for? What are its main use cases?

Space and Time (SXT) is a cryptocurrency designed to power the Space and Time (SxT) blockchain, a decentralized, open-source platform that combines zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs with on-chain data availability to enable trustless, verifiable computation and cross-chain interoperability.

Key Use Cases of SXT Cryptocurrency

  1. Staking & Network Security

    • SXT is used for staking to secure the network and validate transactions.
    • Stakers earn rewards in SXT for contributing computational resources.
  2. Paying for Computation & Verification

    • Users pay SXT to execute ZK-proof computations and verify data on-chain.
    • The network ensures trustless verification of off-chain computations.
  3. Cross-Chain Interoperability

    • SXT enables cross-chain communication by allowing different blockchains to verify and trust each other’s data.
    • This is useful for DeFi, NFTs, and decentralized oracles.
  4. Decentralized Oracle Services

    • SXT can be used to pay for oracle services that provide real-world data to smart contracts.
    • The ZK-based verification ensures data integrity.
  5. Governance & Voting

    • SXT holders can participate in governance decisions related to protocol upgrades and treasury management.
  6. DeFi & Smart Contracts

    • SXT can be used as collateral in DeFi protocols built on the SxT blockchain.
    • Developers can build ZK-powered smart contracts that require verifiable computation.

Why SXT Stands Out

  • ZK-Proofs + On-Chain Data: Combines privacy (ZK) with transparency (on-chain).
  • Cross-Chain Verification: Enables trustless interactions between blockchains.
  • Scalability: Supports high-throughput computations without sacrificing security.

Potential Future Applications

  • Decentralized AI & Big Data: Secure, verifiable AI model training.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Privacy-preserving audits for financial institutions.
  • Gaming & Metaverse: Trustless in-game economies with verifiable outcomes.

Conclusion

SXT is primarily used for staking, computation, cross-chain verification, and governance in the Space and Time ecosystem. Its unique combination of ZK proofs and on-chain data availability makes it valuable for DeFi, oracles, and decentralized applications that require trustless verification.

Would you like more details on any specific aspect?

Answered by mistral-small-latest (mistral)

What blockchain does Space and Time use? Is it its own blockchain or built on top of another?

Space and Time (SxT) uses its own proof-of-sql blockchain, which is designed to provide a decentralized, verifiable, and scalable solution for integrating blockchain with traditional SQL databases.

Key Details:

  1. Native Blockchain: Space and Time operates on its own blockchain, which is optimized for real-world data verification and smart contracts that interact with SQL databases.
  2. Proof-of-SQL (PoSQL): This is SxT's unique consensus mechanism that ensures data integrity by verifying SQL queries on-chain.
  3. Hybrid Architecture: While it has its own blockchain, it also integrates with other blockchains (like Ethereum) via bridges and oracles to enable cross-chain functionality.
  4. Decentralized SQL: The network allows for decentralized execution and verification of SQL queries, making it unique compared to traditional blockchain databases.

Comparison to Other Blockchains:

  • Unlike general-purpose blockchains (e.g., Ethereum, Solana), SxT is specialized for enterprise-grade data verification and SQL-based smart contracts.
  • It is not built on top of another blockchain but operates independently while maintaining interoperability.

Would you like more details on how its consensus mechanism works or its use cases?

Answered by mistral-small-latest (mistral)

Is Space and Time programmable? Does it support smart contracts or decentralized applications?

The concept of "programmable space and time" is not a standard term in physics or computer science, but it can be interpreted in a few ways depending on the context. Here’s a breakdown of possible interpretations and their relation to smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps):

1. Programmable Space and Time in Physics

  • In theoretical physics, some frameworks (like loop quantum gravity or certain interpretations of quantum mechanics) suggest that space and time might have a discrete or emergent structure that could, in principle, be "programmed" or manipulated at a fundamental level. However, this is purely speculative and not something we can currently do with technology.
  • Smart Contracts/DApps? No, this is not related to blockchain or decentralized applications.

2. Programmable Space and Time in Blockchain (e.g., Space and Time DB)

  • There is a blockchain project called Space and Time (SxT) that focuses on decentralized data and computation. It is designed to enable programmable data (i.e., data that can be queried and processed in a decentralized, verifiable way).
  • Smart Contracts/DApps? Yes, Space and Time supports smart contracts and decentralized applications. It integrates with Ethereum and other blockchains, allowing developers to build dApps that interact with off-chain data in a trustless manner.

3. Programmable Space and Time in Computing (e.g., Time-Sensitive Computing)

  • Some distributed systems or edge computing frameworks allow for "programmable time" (e.g., real-time systems, time-sensitive networking). These systems can prioritize or schedule computations based on time constraints.
  • Smart Contracts/DApps? Not directly, unless integrated with blockchain (e.g., time-based smart contracts on Ethereum).

4. Metaverse or Virtual Reality (VR/AR) Applications

  • In virtual worlds, "space and time" can be programmatically manipulated (e.g., warping physics in a game or simulating time dilation in VR).
  • Smart Contracts/DApps? Some metaverse projects (like Decentraland or The Sandbox) use blockchain for ownership and interactions, but this is more about digital assets than programmable physics.

Conclusion:

  • If you're referring to the Space and Time blockchain project, then yes, it supports smart contracts and dApps.
  • If you're asking about physics or theoretical computing, then no, space and time are not programmable in the way smart contracts are.

Would you like more details on a specific interpretation?

Answered by mistral-small-latest (mistral)

How fast are Space and Time transactions? What is the typical confirmation time and throughput (transactions per second)?

The speed of transactions in Space and Time (SxT) depends on the specific blockchain or decentralized network being used, as Space and Time is a protocol that enables secure, verifiable, and scalable computation across multiple blockchains. However, here’s a general breakdown of transaction speeds and throughput for common blockchain networks that SxT might interact with:

1. Transaction Speed (Confirmation Time)

  • Bitcoin (BTC): ~10 minutes per block (varies with network congestion).
  • Ethereum (ETH): ~12-15 seconds per block (post-Merge, with variable finality).
  • Solana (SOL): ~400ms per block (high-speed, but subject to network congestion).
  • Polygon (MATIC): ~2-3 seconds (depending on the layer).
  • Avalanche (AVAX): ~1-2 seconds (C-Chain).

Space and Time itself is designed to work with multiple blockchains, so the exact confirmation time depends on the underlying network.

2. Throughput (Transactions Per Second - TPS)

  • Bitcoin: ~7 TPS (with Layer 2 solutions like Lightning Network, it can scale higher).
  • Ethereum: ~15-30 TPS (base layer), but with rollups (e.g., Arbitrum, Optimism), it can reach ~1000+ TPS.
  • Solana: ~2,000-65,000 TPS (theoretical max, but real-world performance varies).
  • Polygon (PoS): ~7,000 TPS (with sidechains).
  • Avalanche (C-Chain): ~4,500 TPS.

Space and Time-Specific Considerations

  • Decentralized Oracle Network (DON): Space and Time uses a decentralized oracle network to verify off-chain computations, which may introduce some latency but ensures security and scalability.
  • Hybrid Computation Model: SxT combines on-chain and off-chain computation, which can improve throughput but may slightly increase confirmation times compared to pure on-chain transactions.
  • Post-Quantum Security: The protocol is designed for quantum-resistant security, which may impact performance but ensures long-term viability.

Conclusion

The exact speed and throughput of Space and Time transactions depend on the blockchain being used. For high-speed transactions, networks like Solana or Avalanche would be more suitable, while Ethereum and Bitcoin offer slower but more decentralized options. Space and Time’s unique architecture aims to balance security, scalability, and decentralization, making it suitable for applications requiring verifiable off-chain computation.

Would you like more details on a specific blockchain or Space and Time’s architecture?

Answered by mistral-small-latest (mistral)

How much data can I store on the Space and Time blockchain? Does it support on-chain data storage?

Space and Time (SxT) is a blockchain designed to enable on-chain data storage and computation by combining blockchain technology with a decentralized data warehouse (built on PostgreSQL). Here’s what you need to know about its storage capabilities:

1. On-Chain Data Storage

  • Yes, SxT supports on-chain data storage, but it’s not like traditional blockchains (e.g., Ethereum) where data is stored directly in transactions.
  • Instead, SxT uses a hybrid model:
    • Blockchain layer: Stores cryptographic proofs and metadata.
    • Decentralized data warehouse: Stores the actual data (structured in PostgreSQL tables).

2. Storage Capacity

  • No strict limit on the amount of data you can store, as the system scales with demand.
  • The decentralized data warehouse (powered by PostgreSQL) can handle petabytes of data (similar to traditional cloud databases).
  • Blockchain storage (for proofs and metadata) is more limited but optimized for efficiency.

3. Cost & Efficiency

  • Storing data on SxT is cheaper than traditional blockchains (e.g., Ethereum) because most data is stored off-chain in the warehouse.
  • Gas fees are minimal since only proofs and references are stored on-chain.

4. Use Cases

  • Smart contracts can query and interact with large datasets (e.g., DeFi, analytics, AI).
  • Decentralized applications (dApps) can use verified, on-chain data without relying on centralized oracles.

5. Comparison to Other Blockchains

Feature Space and Time (SxT) Ethereum Arweave
On-Chain Data Hybrid (proofs + warehouse) Limited (expensive) Permanent (but slow)
Storage Cost Low (PostgreSQL + proofs) High (gas fees) One-time fee
Queryability SQL-based (PostgreSQL) Limited (EVM) Limited (IPFS)

Conclusion

If you need large-scale, structured, and verifiable data storage, Space and Time is a strong choice. It combines the decentralization of blockchain with the scalability of a traditional database.

Would you like details on how to deploy data on SxT?

Answered by mistral-small-latest (mistral)

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